Optimizing the Impact and Yield Strengths of Cattle Horn for Engineering Applications
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Abstract
Cattle horns are one of wastes materials littering our environment, yet they have potential value in engineering. The work examined the engineering application of cow horn’s impact and yield strength. The physical and mechanical properties were examined to determine their levels of impacts and yield strengths. The horn structure contains keratin with lamellae tubules lapping over each other along the growing direction. The horn microstructures, density, water absorption, compression, flexural, hardness and impact test were examined. The samples have density of 1.303 g/cm3 to 1.376 g/cm3 along the body parts. The cow horns impact resiliencies vary along the parts due to animal maturity and ages. Cow horn withstands compressive stress and bending stress of 1,018.96 MPa and 981.4MPa respectively. The average values of hardness property for longitudinal and transverse are 51.735 N/mm2 and 41.795 N/mm2. The sustainability of the samples was analyzed using L25 Taguchi orthogonal array by examining chemical compatibility, temperature and pressure as variable factors. The properties variations of the horns are attributed to the concentration of keratin substance along the body parts. The work identified an appropriates applications area using an impact and fatigue analysis which provided opportunities to use the material to produce sustainable engineering applications.
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