Circular Microstrip Antennas in 5G: Evaluating Metamaterial Integration
Article Sidebar
Published:
Sep 14, 2024
Keywords:
Antenna Performance, Circular Microstrip Antenna (CMSA), Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR), Fifth Generation (5G) Communications, Metamaterials
Main Article Content
Abstract
The rapid emergence of Fifth-Generation (5G) technologies necessitate the development of highly efficient antenna systems with compact design that can support Ultra-Wideband (UWB) frequencies. This work presents the design and enhancement of a Circular Microstrip Antenna (CMSA) for 5G UWB applications using metamaterials. The study focuses on the design of CMSA and the integration of a Complementary Split-Ring Resonator (CSRR) into the circular patch of the CMSA. The design is simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Studio 2023. The system design without metamaterials achieved a gain of 5.28 dBi and a bandwidth of 353.0 MHz. The integration of the CSRR led to an improvement in gain, 5.39 dBi at 3.8 GHz, which is above most of the literature reviewed, although there was a slight reduction in bandwidth to 135.2 MHz. The objectives of achieving a CMSA design with a gain between 5 to 10 dBi while maintaining a compact size were accomplished. Despite the slight reduction in bandwidth observed when integrating the CSRR into the CMSA, the overall results highlight the significant role metamaterials played in enhancing the performance of microstrip antennas for 5G technology applications.
Article Details
How to Cite
[1]
I. A. Oluwafemi, U. Ukommi, E. Ubom, and A. Obot, “Circular Microstrip Antennas in 5G: Evaluating Metamaterial Integration”, AJERD, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 260-269, Sep. 2024.
Issue
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
[1] Akwaowo, U., Ubom, E., Ukommi, U. & Obot, A., (2023). Design of a Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Resonating at 3.5 GHz for Future Wireless Networks. Science and Technology Publishing (SCI & TECH), 7(12), 1593- 1597.
[2] Ukommi, U, Ekanem, K, Ubom, E & Udofia, K (2024). Evaluation of Rainfall Rates and Rain-Induced Signal Attenuation for Satellite Communication in the South-South region of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 42(4), 472-477.
[3] Ekanem, K, Ubom, E. & Ukommi U. (2022). Analysis of Rain Attenuation for Satellite Communication in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The Nigerian Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (NIEEE) Proceedings of the International Conference and Exhibition on Power and telecommunication (ICEPT 2022), 23-24.
[4] Essien, A., Ukommi, U., & Ubom, E. (2024). Downlink power budget and bit error analysis for LoRa-based sensor node-to-satellite link in the industrial, scientific and medical frequency bands. In Signals and Communication Technology (pp. 143–152). Springer Nature, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53935-0_14
[5] Ubom, E., Akpanobong, A., & Ukommi, U. (2019). Spectrum Occupancy in Rural Nigeria: A Case for a lightly Licensed Spectrum Bandfor Rural Broadband Enhancement. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT), 11(4), 81- 99.
[6] Ukommi, U., Kodikara A., Dogan, S., & Kondoz, A. (2013). Content-Aware Bitrate Adaptation for robust mobile video services. IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), London, UK, 1-4, doi: 10.1109/BMSB.2013.6621696.
[7] Udoh, R, Ukommi, U & Ubom, E (2023). Evaluation of Modified Artificial Neural Network-Based Interference Mitigation In 5G Network. Science and Technology Publishing (SCI & TECH), 7(12), 1604-1613.
[8] Umoh, V., Ukommi, U., & Ekpe, M. (2022). A Comparative Study of User Experienced Mobile Broadband Performance. Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 41(3), 560-568.
[9] Ukommi, U. (2024). Assessing the Impact of Media Stream Packet Size Adaptation on Wireless Multimedia Applications. ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 7(1), 221-230. https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2024.0701.23-j
[10] Uloh, C., Ubom, E., Obot, A., & Ukommi, U. (2024). Interference Mitigation and Power Consumption Reduction for Cell Edge users in Future Generation Networks. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 26(2), 89-106.
[11] Udoh, R, Ukommi, U & Ubom, E (2023). Interference Mitigation In 5G Network Using Frequency Planning and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST), 10(12), 16534- 16540.
[12] Chen, H., Yuan, W., & Huang, Y. (2021). Design of a metamaterial-based ultra-wideband circular microstrip antenna for 5G applications. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 70(1), 505-513.
[13] Liu, Z., Sharma, S.K., & Gupta, Y.M. (2007). A Survey of Microstrip Patch Antenna Design Techniques for UWB Applications. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 79, 373-414.
[14] Kim, H., & Yang, B. (2018). Miniaturized circular microstrip antenna for wearable applications. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett. 17(5), 789-793.
[15] Kumar, V., & Patel, D. (2019). High-efficiency circular microstrip antenna with superstrate layer. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation.
[16] Federal Communications Commission (2002). First Report and Order, Revision of Part 15 of the Commission's Rules Regarding Ultra-Wideband Transmission Systems.
[17] Bahrami, H., Alibakhshikenari, M., Virdee, B.S., & Antoniades, M.A. (2014). Metamaterial-based UWB Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., 58(4), 106-123.
[18] Mishra, S.K., Ranjan, R.K., & Kumar, P. (2023). Metamaterial-based Circular Microstrip Antenna for 5G UWB Applications. IEEE Access, 11, 65836-65848.
[19] Hossain, M.S., Rahman, M.A., & Islam, M.T. (2022). Design and Analysis of Metamaterial-loaded Circular Microstrip Antenna for 5G UWB Applications. Int. J. Antennas Propag., 2022, Art. no. 7195497.
[20] Singh, A.K., Rajput, A.S., & Shrivastava, V.K. (2021). Enhancing the Bandwidth and Radiation Characteristics of a Circular Microstrip Antenna Using Metamaterials for 5G UWB Applications. Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol., 13(10), 1382-1391.
[21] Kumar, A., Saini, M., & Kumar, P. (2022). A compact metamaterial-based circular microstrip antenna for 5G UWB applications. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 64(11), 1857-1864.
[22] Balanis, C.A. (2005). Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 3rd edn. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
[23] Long, S.A., McAllister, M.W., & Shen, L.C. (1983). The resonant cylindrical dielectric cavity antenna. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 31(3), 406-412.
[24] Pozar, D.M. (2012). Microwave Engineering, 4th edn. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
[25] Pendry, J.B., Holden, A.J., Robbins, D.J., & Stewart, W.J. (1999). Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. 47(11), 2075-2084.
[26] Ukommi, U., & Ubom, E. (2023). Impact Assessment of Elevation Angles on Signal Propagation at VHF and UHF Frequencies for Improved Rural Telephony. ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 6(2), 136-142.
[27] Olufemi, O. I., & Ukommi, U. (2024). Evaluation of energy consumption and battery life span for LoRa IoT multisensor node for precision farming application. Signals and Communication Technology. Springer Nature, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53935-0_15
[2] Ukommi, U, Ekanem, K, Ubom, E & Udofia, K (2024). Evaluation of Rainfall Rates and Rain-Induced Signal Attenuation for Satellite Communication in the South-South region of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 42(4), 472-477.
[3] Ekanem, K, Ubom, E. & Ukommi U. (2022). Analysis of Rain Attenuation for Satellite Communication in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The Nigerian Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (NIEEE) Proceedings of the International Conference and Exhibition on Power and telecommunication (ICEPT 2022), 23-24.
[4] Essien, A., Ukommi, U., & Ubom, E. (2024). Downlink power budget and bit error analysis for LoRa-based sensor node-to-satellite link in the industrial, scientific and medical frequency bands. In Signals and Communication Technology (pp. 143–152). Springer Nature, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53935-0_14
[5] Ubom, E., Akpanobong, A., & Ukommi, U. (2019). Spectrum Occupancy in Rural Nigeria: A Case for a lightly Licensed Spectrum Bandfor Rural Broadband Enhancement. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT), 11(4), 81- 99.
[6] Ukommi, U., Kodikara A., Dogan, S., & Kondoz, A. (2013). Content-Aware Bitrate Adaptation for robust mobile video services. IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), London, UK, 1-4, doi: 10.1109/BMSB.2013.6621696.
[7] Udoh, R, Ukommi, U & Ubom, E (2023). Evaluation of Modified Artificial Neural Network-Based Interference Mitigation In 5G Network. Science and Technology Publishing (SCI & TECH), 7(12), 1604-1613.
[8] Umoh, V., Ukommi, U., & Ekpe, M. (2022). A Comparative Study of User Experienced Mobile Broadband Performance. Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 41(3), 560-568.
[9] Ukommi, U. (2024). Assessing the Impact of Media Stream Packet Size Adaptation on Wireless Multimedia Applications. ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 7(1), 221-230. https://doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2024.0701.23-j
[10] Uloh, C., Ubom, E., Obot, A., & Ukommi, U. (2024). Interference Mitigation and Power Consumption Reduction for Cell Edge users in Future Generation Networks. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 26(2), 89-106.
[11] Udoh, R, Ukommi, U & Ubom, E (2023). Interference Mitigation In 5G Network Using Frequency Planning and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST), 10(12), 16534- 16540.
[12] Chen, H., Yuan, W., & Huang, Y. (2021). Design of a metamaterial-based ultra-wideband circular microstrip antenna for 5G applications. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 70(1), 505-513.
[13] Liu, Z., Sharma, S.K., & Gupta, Y.M. (2007). A Survey of Microstrip Patch Antenna Design Techniques for UWB Applications. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 79, 373-414.
[14] Kim, H., & Yang, B. (2018). Miniaturized circular microstrip antenna for wearable applications. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett. 17(5), 789-793.
[15] Kumar, V., & Patel, D. (2019). High-efficiency circular microstrip antenna with superstrate layer. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation.
[16] Federal Communications Commission (2002). First Report and Order, Revision of Part 15 of the Commission's Rules Regarding Ultra-Wideband Transmission Systems.
[17] Bahrami, H., Alibakhshikenari, M., Virdee, B.S., & Antoniades, M.A. (2014). Metamaterial-based UWB Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., 58(4), 106-123.
[18] Mishra, S.K., Ranjan, R.K., & Kumar, P. (2023). Metamaterial-based Circular Microstrip Antenna for 5G UWB Applications. IEEE Access, 11, 65836-65848.
[19] Hossain, M.S., Rahman, M.A., & Islam, M.T. (2022). Design and Analysis of Metamaterial-loaded Circular Microstrip Antenna for 5G UWB Applications. Int. J. Antennas Propag., 2022, Art. no. 7195497.
[20] Singh, A.K., Rajput, A.S., & Shrivastava, V.K. (2021). Enhancing the Bandwidth and Radiation Characteristics of a Circular Microstrip Antenna Using Metamaterials for 5G UWB Applications. Int. J. Microw. Wireless Technol., 13(10), 1382-1391.
[21] Kumar, A., Saini, M., & Kumar, P. (2022). A compact metamaterial-based circular microstrip antenna for 5G UWB applications. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 64(11), 1857-1864.
[22] Balanis, C.A. (2005). Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 3rd edn. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
[23] Long, S.A., McAllister, M.W., & Shen, L.C. (1983). The resonant cylindrical dielectric cavity antenna. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 31(3), 406-412.
[24] Pozar, D.M. (2012). Microwave Engineering, 4th edn. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
[25] Pendry, J.B., Holden, A.J., Robbins, D.J., & Stewart, W.J. (1999). Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. 47(11), 2075-2084.
[26] Ukommi, U., & Ubom, E. (2023). Impact Assessment of Elevation Angles on Signal Propagation at VHF and UHF Frequencies for Improved Rural Telephony. ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 6(2), 136-142.
[27] Olufemi, O. I., & Ukommi, U. (2024). Evaluation of energy consumption and battery life span for LoRa IoT multisensor node for precision farming application. Signals and Communication Technology. Springer Nature, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53935-0_15